How to Recognize ADHD Symptoms in Children

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recent evidence supports initial treatment with nonpharmacological interventions (behavior therapy) in preschool age children (3- 5). Parent-child behavioral therapy improves problem behaviors and parent-child relationships. It involves teaching parents to consistently implement effective behavioral techniques (eg, rewards and non-punitive consequences to shape behavior, calm limit setting, structured daily schedules, minimizing distractions). Behavioral interventions can also be used in patients who do not meet full ADHD criteria or in combination with medication for school-aged children and adolescents with ADHD. Medication in preschool children should be considered when behavioral therapy fails or the child's function is severely impaired (repeatedly expelled from day care or school, risks injuring others). The family's preferences and values should always be considered in treatment decisions.