Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a minimally invasive surgical treatment which uses nasal endoscopes to enlarge the nasal drainage pathways of the paranasal sinuses to improve sinus ventilation.

The spine is made flexible by discs located between each vertebra and ligaments made of tough elastic fibers which hold the vertebrae together. The spine gives the body stability and protects the spinal cord which is located in a narrow canal that runs through the center of each vertebra.

An estimated 12,500 spinal cord injuries occur in the U.S. every year, leaving the injured people, their friends, and their family, to cope with the aftermath of the catastrophe. For many, navigating the challenges of the health care system can feel a bit like going to medical school. Suddenly you're learning a veritable cornucopia of new terms, and may be spending endless hours Googling spinal cord anatomy to fill in the gaps in your knowledge. An educated patient is better equipped to advocate for his or her needs and interests. An education in spinal cord anatomy helps you understand what your doctor is saying, ask intelligent questions, and detect medical errors before they endanger your health.

Though you might think of your spinal cord as one single piece, it's actually a column of nerves protected by a sheath of myelin and then further secured by 31 butterfly-shaped vertebrae (singular: vertebra). Medical providers divide the spinal cord into four distinct regions. Knowing the region in which the injury is located is often the key to understanding diagnosis and treatment. The four spinal cord regions are: The cervical spinal cord: This is the topmost portion of the spinal cord, where the brain connects to the spinal cord, and the neck connects to the back. This region consists of eight vertebrae, commonly referred to as C1-C8. All spinal cord numbers are descending, so C1 is the highest vertebra, while C8 is the lowest in this region. The thoracic spinal cord: This section forms the middle of the spinal cord, containing twelve vertebrae numbered T1-T12.

Cognitive impairment is seen in over half of people with multiple sclerosis. In this video I review factors that can contribute to multiple sclerosis brain fog, ways to assess cognition, and tips to improve thinking and memory.

Presence of abdominal pain and distension. Presence of urinary symptoms - Such as dysuria, oliguria, flank pain, and hematuria. Occurrence of any symptoms of hypocalcemia - Such as anorexia, vomiting, cramps, seizures, spasms, altered mental status, and tetany. Symptoms of hyperkalemia - Such as weakness and paralysis.

Antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of medical treatment for pediatric rhinosinusitis.] Because of increasing prevalence of beta-lactam–resistant bacteria in the community, administer antibiotics only for suspected infection as based on a careful history and physical examination. Direct the therapeutic regimen against the prevalent pathogens in the community and carefully consider suspicion for highly resistant bacteria. Typically, uncomplicated cases of acute sinusitis are responsive to amoxicillin. Most patients respond to this initial regimen. For children allergic to penicillin, a second- or third-generation cephalosporin can be used (only if the allergic reaction is not a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction). In cases of serious allergic reaction, a macrolide or clindamycin can be used.

Overview HIV is a virus that affects the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells. The CD4 cells help protect the body from illness. Unlike other viruses that the immune system can fight off, HIV can’t be eliminated by the immune system. The symptoms of HIV can vary greatly from person to person. No two people with HIV will likely experience the exact same symptoms. However, HIV will generally follow this pattern: acute illness asymptomatic period advanced infection Acute illness Approximately 80 percent of people who contract HIV experience flu-like symptoms within two to four weeks. This flu-like illness is known as acute HIV infection. Acute HIV infection is the primary stage of HIV and lasts until the body has created antibodies against the virus. The most common symptoms of this stage of HIV include: body rash fever sore throat severe headaches Less common symptoms may include: fatigue swollen lymph nodes ulcers in the mouth or on the genitals muscle aches joint pain nausea and vomiting night sweats Symptoms typically last one to two weeks. Anyone who has these symptoms and thinks they may have contracted HIV should consider scheduling an appointment with their healthcare provider to get tested. Symptoms specific to men Symptoms of HIV are generally the same in women and men. One HIV symptom that is unique to men is an ulcer on the penis. HIV may lead to hypogonadism, or poor production of sex hormones, in either sex. However, hypogonadism’s effects on men are easier to observe than its effects on women. Symptoms of low testosterone, one aspect of hypogonadism, can include erectile dysfunction (ED).

Joe Ingles suffered a very bad looking injury on Sunday night in the NBA. In this video we'll review what happened and discuss the possibilities.

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Can Birth Control Be a Dysmenorrhea Treatment? || Common gynaecological problems in women Dysmenorrhea is the medical term used for when you have painful menstrual cramps that occur immediately before or during your period. The pain can be so bad that it limits your daily activities. Dysmenorrhea is the most commonly reported menstrual disorder. It can affect up to 90 percent of young women. The Pill (as well as other hormonal contraceptives) can help in the treatment of dysmenorrhea.

This surgical glue can seal wounds in just 60 seconds

Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty. While scoliosis can be caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy, the cause of most scoliosis is unknown. Most cases of scoliosis are mild, but some children develop spine deformities that continue to get more severe as they grow. Severe scoliosis can be disabling. An especially severe spinal curve can reduce the amount of space within the chest, making it difficult for the lungs to function properly. Children who have mild scoliosis are monitored closely, usually with X-rays, to see if the curve is getting worse. In many cases, no treatment is necessary. Some children will need to wear a brace to stop the curve from worsening. Others may need surgery to keep the scoliosis from worsening and to straighten severe cases of scoliosis.

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What does a fistula for dialysis look like?
A fistula for dialysis is a surgical connection between a vein and an artery.
In this video, I will show you a real fistula and how we should evaluate it before a dialysis connection.

Additional videos:
💉How to properly cannulate a fistula: https://youtu.be/IqoHnzFyhJQ
💉 What is a fistula for dialysis treatment: https://youtu.be/B5EEf-MklFk
💉 The 10-second assessment for fistulas: https://youtu.be/Uqo0LhjZSI8

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For nursing and technician schools😷 🩺 🎓, we can offer a special renal failure class to your students. For inquiries please contact us: info@utopiahcc.com

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Additional resources:

What Does a Healthy AV Fistula Look Like? | Azura Vascular ...
www.azuravascularcare.com infodialysisaccess healt...
Jul 17, 2018 — An AV fistula is a surgically-created permanent access located under the skin, making a direct connection between a vein and an artery. An AV fistula is typically created in the non-dominant arm. If the veins in your arm are not large or healthy enough to support a fistula, it may be created in your leg.

Preparing for Dialysis (AV Fistula) Fact Sheets Yale ...
www.yalemedicine.org › conditions › preparing-dialysi...
To undergo dialysis, patients need a surgical procedure to create an access point for the dialysis machine. An AV fistula is the most common access point.

Vascular Access for Hemodialysis - Life Options
lifeoptions.org living-with-kidney-failure vascular-a...
Jump to How a Catheter Looks and Feels — This makes a pattern that looks a bit like a rope ladder. The next best way—for fistulas ONLY—is the “Buttonhole ...
‎Fistula or Graft Surgery · ‎Needle Fear · ‎How a Fistula or Graft Looks...

Taking Care of Your Fistula - DaVita
www.davita.com dialysis preparing-for-dialysis › ta...
An arteriovenous (AV) fistula is a type of access used for hemodialysis. ... access because it utilizes the patient's own vessels and does not require permanent placement of foreign materials such ... Look for redness or swelling around the fistula area. ... This sound may change from a whooshing noise to a whistle-like sound.

Vascular Access for Hemodialysis - Department of Surgery
surgery.ucsf.edu conditions--procedures vascular-ac...
The patient does not need anesthesia for this procedure. ... A vascular surgeon performs AV graft surgery, much like AV fistula surgery, in an outpatient center or ...

Frequently Asked Questions about Dialysis Access Surgery ...
www.bidmc.org transplant-institute frequently-aske...
Dialysis access surgery creates the vascular opening so a needle can be inserted for ... fluid and to correct electrolytes like potassium, sodium, phosphate and calcium, to name a few. ... Where are AV fistulas located and how long do they last?

Fistula and Graft Placement (Eric K. Peden, MD) - YouTube
www.youtube.com watch
Mar 28, 2016 — ... Bootcamp 2015 August 14 - 16, 2015 "Dialysis Access" Fistula and Graft Placement (Eric K. Peden, MD) DICET@Houstonmethodist.org.

Water is an essential nutrient for the body, as the body loses water through perspiration, breathing, bowel movements, and in urine. Water must be consumed regularly to maintain a sufficient level. Water has many vital functions in the body, including… Serving as a lubricant. Water is a main component of saliva, which helps moisten food making it easier to swallow. Water also helps lubricate joints, reducing friction and inflammation. Water is important in body temperature regulation. When body heat rises, such as during strenuous activities, the body starts to sweat to cool itself. And sweat is made up almost entirely of water.