Examination of varicose veins

Examination of the shoulders from the USMLE collection

Sensory and reflexes exam of the upper limb from the USMLE collection Sensory and reflexes exam of the upper limb

This video shows how to control bleeding

A video shows how to deal with thermal burns

4D Ultrasound 23 Weeks

olusegun adekanye's spinal disc replacement operation performed by Dr. Nick Thomas at the Blackheath Hospital.

Technique was suggested by Nissen as a surgical treatment for the Gastro-Esophageal Reflux GERD and a 360 degrees wrap of fundus of the stomach is fashioned by means of 3 sutures around the lower end of esophagus.
Collis was the first to perform it laparoscopic.

Sinusitis Pathology (Para-nasal Sinus Anatomy)

laparoscopy for repair of rupture of urinary bladder

Normal Heart Sounds With the aid of a stethoscope you can hear the characteristic sounds of the normal heartbeat, typically described as a "lub-dub." These sounds are produced by the closure of the heart valves. The first heart sound or "lub" results from closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves. It is a rather low-pitched and a relatively long sound which, as indicated in, represents the beginning of ventricular systole. The second heart sound, or "dub," marks the beginning of ventricular diastole. It is produced by closure of the aortic and pulmonary (pulmonic) semilunar vanes when the intraventricular pressure begins to fall. This "dub" sound is typically heard as a sharp snap because the semilunar valves tend to close much more rapidly than the AV valves. Because diastole occupies more time than systole, a brief pause occurs after the second heart sound when the heart is beating at a normal rate. Therefore, the pattern that one hears is one of: "lub-dub" pause, "lub-dub" pause, and so on. Sometimes, especially in young normal individuals, a third heart sound can be heard. This sound is produced by the very rapid influx of blood into the partially filled ventricle. It is typically very faint and as such difficult to hear.

With an Ophthalmoscope, light is shone into the eye and the retina and the optic nerve is examined. This is called as Examination of the Fundus. This is what the eye-doctor sees when he peeps into your eye! Through the transparent cornea, into the dark interior. The Fundus Exam When he looks into the eye with the Ophthalmoscope, he sees a orange glowing interior. That is the retina. The retina is actually transparent. It appears bright because of blood vessels in the choroid layer below. It is like looking at your ear against the bright sunlight. The yellow circle is the Optic Nerve, the cable of vision! A red, shiny dot attracts attention. That is the macula. If indicated, the exam of periphery of the retina is done with an Indirect ophthalmoscope. The ophthalmologist wears this instrument on the head and focuses the light into the eye with a lens held in his hand. This is usually done in a dark room.

Bone marrow examination refers to the pathologic analysis of samples of bone marrow obtained by bone marrow biopsy (often called a trephine biopsy) and bone marrow aspiration. Bone marrow examination is used in the diagnosis of a number of conditions, including leukemia, multiple myeloma, anemia, and pancytopenia. The bone marrow produces the cellular elements of the blood, including platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells. While much information can be gleaned by testing the blood itself (drawn from a vein by phlebotomy), it is sometimes necessary to examine the source of the blood cells in the bone marrow to obtain more information on hematopoiesis; this is the role of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy.

Hydatid Cyst Removal from the brain

Endoscopic Management of Brain Cyst, ForaminoPlasty

Better Vein Care and Safer Injection

A video showing simple skin suture

How to use a clamp?!

Surgical Notch

Pilonidal disease with lateral extension - Follicle removal (Bascon's technique)