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Obesity — Causes, Effects & Treatment Videos

Obesity is a long-term condition in which excess body fat harms health, raising the risk of diabetes, heart disease, joint problems and more. This hub collects our videos on causes, health effects and treatments — from lifestyle programmes to bariatric (weight-loss) surgery — with a guide and the BMI calculator.

Frequently asked questions

How is obesity measured?

The standard first measure is body mass index (BMI): weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. A BMI of 30 or above is classed as obesity. Waist measurement and overall health are considered too, since BMI does not show where fat is carried.

What health problems is obesity linked to?

Obesity raises the risk of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and stroke, fatty liver, sleep apnoea, several cancers, and wear-and-tear joint damage — which is why it is treated as a medical condition, not a cosmetic one.

What treatments are available?

Treatment is usually stepped: structured lifestyle support first, sometimes prescription weight-management medicines, and — for severe obesity or when other measures are not enough — bariatric surgery such as gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy.

Is weight-loss surgery a first step?

No. Bariatric surgery is major surgery with lifelong follow-up, so it is generally considered after other approaches, for people whose weight is seriously affecting health. Suitability is assessed by a specialist team.

This page is for general education only and is not medical advice. If you have symptoms or concerns about your weight and health, see a doctor promptly — early assessment gives the most options.