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Rhumatic fever has almost been eraicated in the developed world, however it remains prevelent in many under developed countries and causes devastating damage to heart valves. Up till recently valve replacement was the treatment of choice. The long term results and sequelae of valve replacement are...
common knowledge. Mitral and tricuspid valve replacement results are on the whole far worse than for example Aortic valve. Mitral valve replacement should be the last resort and patients with very severe valvular and sub valvular mitral disease can nowadays be helped by mitral valve repair. NO MITRAL OR TRICUSPID VALVE SHOULD BE REPLACED IF IT CAN BE REPAIRED
PURPOSE: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) is an alternative modality of treatment for small sized renal cell carcinoma. Robot assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RLPN) has also been performed with an advantage in repairing resected surface after tumor resection. We compare the periopera...
tive data of patients treated with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with those of RLPN undertaken patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From September 2006 to April 2008, 22 patients were treated with LPN and 22 were RLPN. 3 arms were used for RLPN; camera was inserted through the 12mm, umbilical trocar port. The laparoscopic Bulldog clamp was used for the clamping of renal hilum. We retrospectively compared each group about tumor size, operation time, estimated blood loss, warm ischemic time and hospital stay. RESULT: Operation time of LPN was shorter than that of RLPN (p=0.033). Tumor size, estimated blood loss and hospital stay was not significant different in each group. No case had conversion to open surgery. 1 patient of RLPN group, however, had conversion to radical nephrectomy due to severe bleeding. CONCLUSION: RLPN was safe and feasible in small sized renal cell carcinoma. Warm ischemic time was reasonable and morbidity associated with RLPN was also low. RLPN LPN p-value Tumor Size (cm) 2.5 2.1 0.605 Op time (min) 169.3 140.8 0.033 EBL (ml) 243.2 213.2 0.878 Warm Ischemic Time (min) 29.2 26.4 0.237 Transfusion (%) 4.5 4.5 0.756 Hospital stay (day) 4.4 5.5 0.053
Detailed examination of the joints is usually not included in the routine medical examination. However, joint related complaints are rather common, and understanding anatomy and physiology of both normal function and pathologic conditions is critically important when evaluating the symptomatic patient. By gaining an appreciation for the basic structures and functioning of the joint, you'll be able to "logic" your way thru the exam, even if you can't remember the eponym attached to each specific test!
Testicular torsion occurs when a testicle rotates, twisting the spermatic cord that brings blood to the scrotum. The reduced blood flow causes sudden and often severe pain and swelling. Testicular torsion is most common between ages 12 and 16, but it can occur at any age, even before birth. Testicular torsion usually requires emergency surgery. If treated quickly, the testicle can usually be saved. But when blood flow has been cut off for too long, a testicle might become so badly damaged that it has to be removed.
Of the many factors that affect your compatibility with a man, one of the biggest (or smallest) is in his pants. As with humour, interests or habits, the wrong fit can leave you cold. Or traumatised. In a study of 1,661 penises, Dr Debby Herbenick, author of Sex Made Easy, found an almost nine-inch difference in erection size: from 1.6 inches to 10.2. And since absolutely nothing outside the package tells you what to expect with the package, you have to test compatibility the hard way. Sometimes you hit your jackpot, sometimes it's just fine, and sometimes he's the guy on either end of that erection spectrum. These writers have been there, so here's what they learned - and how you can deal (without the gasp reflex).
There are many factors that will determine how quickly, or completely you recover from your meniscal tear surgery. Key elements include your age, weight, and activity demands. The older you are, the heavier you are, the longer your recovery will be. The type of surgery you had will also impact upon your recovery. In some cases we only remove the torn piece — in general you will progress faster than someone who had sutures placed to repair the meniscus tear. Whether or not arthritis was found at the time of your meniscus surgery will also significantly influence your recovery from meniscus surgery. If you have arthritis then you are missing some or all of the cartilage on the ends of the bones. Knees with arthritis are prone to being more “cranky” during the recovery process. In those cases, a knee ice compression device can provide relief of pain/swelling. Many patients note they feel better wearing a compression sleeve during recovery. People with arthritis sometimes report improvement in their symptoms with supplements like Glucosamine, Curcumin, or Hyaluronic Acid which they believe (not proven) will smooth out the surface of the joint. Many try Tart Cherry juice because of its natural anti-inflammatory properties.. In the first few months following surgery, a knee compression sleeve does actually help many feel better. Some of the variables affecting your recovery from meniscus surgery are under your surgeon’s control. We can improve your immediate response after surgery with the use of various medications we inject within the knee before the surgery. We can also block a nerve on the side of your leg which will improve your pain for 18-24 hours after surgery. Many of you will purchase a ice compression sleeve to help minimize the pain after the surgery. In general, young, healthy active people with no evidence of osteoarthritis will experience a much more rapid recovery. Typically measured in days or a few weeks. Most people are off crutches in a day, and stop taking pain medicine within a day or two. In contrast, if you are a older, heavier and have arthritis as well as a meniscus tear, then you may take longer to recover — and may not experience a “full” recovery. This group can take weeks to months to improve. To ensure a good response to surgery, we also need to look at your health before surgery. Smoking leads to an increased infection rate and poorer healing. Diabetics with poor sugar control are at higher risk for infection and delays in healing as well. Obesity is a potential problem with anesthesia, the recovery from surgery and it may lead to more rapid progression of arthritis after surgery. The better shape you are in prior to surgery can influence your recovery.
If you go to research LASIK eye surgery online, you may get conflicting messages. Some articles rave about it, but in some cases, others link it to severe pain or even suicide. 7 Action News' Carolyn Clifford sat down with one of the area's biggest providers of eye surgery to try and separate fact from fiction, so if you go under the laser, you know the risk.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine system disorder among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have enlarged ovaries that contain small collections of fluid — called follicles — located in each ovary as seen during an ultrasound exam. Infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods, excess hair growth, acne, and obesity can all occur in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. In adolescents, infrequent or absent menstruation may raise suspicion for the condition. The exact cause of polycystic ovary syndrome is unknown. Early diagnosis and treatment along with weight loss may reduce the risk of long-term complications, such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events that occurs when the heart beats. As the heart beats, it circulates blood through pulmonary and systemic circuits of the body. There are two phases of the cardiac cycle. In the diastole phase, the heart ventricles are relaxed and the heart fills with blood