Spina bifida is a condition that affects the spine and is usually apparent at birth. It is a type of neural tube defect (NTD). Spina bifida can happen anywhere along the spine if the neural tube does not close all the way. When the neural tube doesn’t close all the way, the backbone that protects the spinal cord doesn’t form and close as it should. This often results in damage to the spinal cord and nerves. Spina bifida might cause physical and intellectual disabilities that range from mild to severe. The severity depends on: The size and location of the opening in the spine. Whether part of the spinal cord and nerves are affected.

How Bone Fractures Are Repaired

Laser tattoo removal is simple, safe, and produces fantastic...

Exo-Glove Poly (Seoul National University). This wearable robot helps disabled patients regain control of their hands.

Craniectomy is neurosurgical procedure that involves removing a portion of the skull in order to relieve pressure on the underlying brain. This procedure is typically done in cases where a patient has experienced a very severe brain injury that involves significant amounts of bleeding around the brain or excessive swelling of the brain.

Surgery involves removing the cyst as well as part of the involved joint capsule or tendon sheath, which is considered the root of the ganglion. Even after excision, there is a small chance the ganglion will return. A ganglion cyst at the wrist is removed during a surgical procedure called excision.

Depending on the fracture, the bone fragments may be fixed using screws, a plate and screws, or different wiring techniques. Because there is such a wide range of injuries, there is also a wide range of people's specific recovery time for ankle fracture surgery. It takes at least 6 weeks for the broken bones to heal.

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Most cataracts are associated with the aging process and are common among older Americans. In fact, according to the National Eye Institute (NEI), 68.3 percent of Americans 80 and older had cataracts in 2010. And the prevalence of cataracts in the U.S. is expected to grow significantly in the years ahead, due in part to the aging of the population. In 2010, roughly 24.4 million Americans had cataracts, and that number is projected to grow to 50.2 million by the year 2050, according to NEI.

Beta-blockers, also known as beta antagonists, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, or beta-adrenergic antagonists, are drugs that are prescribed to treat several different types of conditions, including hypertension (high blood pressure), angina, some abnormal heart rhythms, heart attack (myocardial infarction), anxiety, migraine, glaucoma, and overactive thyroid symptoms.

A tapeworm is a ribbon-shaped parasite that lives in human or animal intestines. They are uncommon in developed countries. There are a number of different types which all have slightly different life cycles. Tapeworm infection can come from animals such as pigs, sheep, cattle, fish, dogs and cats. Eating undercooked food contaminated with tapeworm cysts and eggs causes the infection. Tapeworm eggs are shed in stools and it is possible for infection to spread from person to person through the oral/anal route.

Face transplant allows this man to live a normal life. Hats off to all the surgeons involved!

How to push a baby out video how to prevent tearing during labor and delivery

What are the best positions for labour? When your labour starts, you'll probably feel restless and want to move around and keep busy. Just take care that you don't get over-tired before your labour is properly under way. s your contractions get stronger, concentrate on them. Focus on what's happening to your body and your baby, and practise your breathing and relaxation exercises. Now is the time to find the positions and movements that help you to cope with your contractions. Your midwife should encourage and help you to keep moving around and find comfortable positions, preferably ones that are upright. You may think that you'll be most comfortable lying on the bed. But keeping as upright as possible will help: you to cope with your contractions you and your baby to cope better during labour You'll be able to keep moving by shifting your weight from one foot to another, or by rocking your pelvis. Some positions make it easier for your birth partner to massage your back, or breathe with you through the contractions. You could: Lean on a work surface, or on the back of a chair. Put your arms around your partner's neck or waist, and lean on him. Lean on the bed, with the height adjusted for your comfort, or on a window-sill. Kneel on a large cushion or pillow on the floor, and lean forwards on to the seat of a chair. Sit astride a chair, resting on a pillow placed across the top. Sit on the toilet, leaning forwards, or sit astride, leaning on to the cistern. Go on to all fours. Kneel on one leg, with the other leg bent..

Surgical Skin Closure Procedures

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Live Surgery: Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP) Finger Tendon Repair

Scientists are working on a pill that could replace exercise.

A spinal tumor is a growth that develops within your spinal canal or within the bones of your spine. It may be cancerous or noncancerous. Tumors that affect the bones of the spine (vertebrae) are known as vertebral tumors. Tumors that begin within the spinal cord itself are called spinal cord tumors. There are two main types of tumors that may affect the spinal cord: Intramedullary tumors begin in the cells within the spinal cord itself, such as astrocytomas or ependymomas. Extramedullary tumors develop within the supporting network of cells around the spinal cord. Although they don't begin within the spinal cord itself, these types of tumors may affect spinal cord function by causing spinal cord compression and other problems. Examples of extramedullary tumors that can affect the spinal cord include schwannomas, meningiomas and neurofibromas.

Every year, thousands of conventional total shoulder replacements are successfully done in the United States for patients with shoulder arthritis. This type of surgery, however, is not as beneficial for patients with large rotator cuff tears who have developed a complex type of shoulder arthritis called "cuff tear arthropathy." For these patients, conventional total shoulder replacement may result in pain and limited motion, and reverse total shoulder replacement is a better option.