A new report analyzing FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produced by a select group of leading biotechnology companies shows that clinical development times – specifically the duration of Phase II and Phase III trials – are lengthening, while FDA review times have remained constant. The average time from investigational new drug (IND) filing to market was 6.7 years for 11 mABs approved between 1994 and 2003 but shot up to 8.3 years for 12 mAbs approved between 2004 and March 9, 2011, according to Deloitte Recap LLC’s analysis, Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies – Insights, Strategies and Data.

This video demonstrates why ears become clogged and why ear popping helps. The video also explains why ear popping may become difficult resulting in a persistent clogged or muffled ear especially after an ear infection.

Experience with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in children has been limited due to multiple factors, including the relatively low incidence of diseases requiring ERCP in this age group, the impression that the procedure is technically difficult in children, and because the indications and safety of ERCP in children have not been well defined. As a result, patients are generally referred to a tertiary care facility or to adult endoscopists who perform a high volume of procedures.

In nonsurgical treatment, progressive physical therapy and rehabilitation can restore the knee to a condition close to its pre-injury state and educate the patient on how to prevent instability.37, 38 This may be supplemented with the use of a hinged knee brace. However, many people who choose not to have surgery may experience secondary injury to the knee due to repetitive instability episodes. Surgical treatment is usually advised in dealing with combined injuries (ACL tears in combination with other injuries in the knee). However, deciding against surgery is reasonable for select patients. Nonsurgical management of isolated ACL tears is likely to be successful or may be indicated in patients:

Papillary fibroelastoma is the third most common primary tumor of the heart and is most likely to involve the cardiac valves. Like myxomas, they arise from the endocardium in most patients and since these tumors are often incidental findings at echocardiography or autopsy, the true incidence is difficult to estimate. Most patients are older than 60 years, which also contrasts with myxomas. Papillary fibroelastomas can embolize, leading to severe neurological complications and therefore, surgical removal is advised, although there is controversy regarding small incidental lesions and the need for surgery.

this video show the surgical technique of a perforator propeller flap for the reconstruction of the lower limb.

Acetaminophen and ibuprofen are both good medicines, and both provide the same basic relief from fever and pain, even though they have different chemical structures and side effects

Understanding the adrenergic receptors is fundamental to a solid grasp of adrenergic pharmacology!

-MEN1 syndrome is composed of hyperparathyroidism, gastrinoma (pancreatic tumor) and pituitary tum or(remember the 3 Ps). Hyperparathyroidism in MEN1 is caused by hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. Removal of 3 1/2 glands or total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation is necessary.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (sometimes upper GI, UGI bleed, Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, gastrorrhagia) refers to bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, commonly defined as bleeding arising from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. In fact, the proportion of UGIB cases caused by peptic ulcer disease has declined, a phenomenon that is believed to be due to the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H pylori therapy. Duodenal ulcers are more common than gastric ulcers, but the incidence of bleeding is identical for both.

Thoracentesis is used diagnostically to establish the cause of a pleural effusion. It can also be performed to drain large effusions that lead to respiratory compromise

Initial symptoms may include: Pain or discomfort in the upper tummy (abdomen), especially after eating. Indigestion. (Note: most people who have indigestion do not have stomach cancer.) Feeling sick, and being off food. ... Weight loss and/or loss of appetite. You may pass blood out with your stools (faeces).

Multiple myeloma is a cancer that affects plasma cells, a kind of white blood cell found in the soft insides of your bones, called marrow. Plasma cells are part of your body's immune system. They make antibodies to help fight off infections.

To help you feel better, you may want to try the following self-care measures: Avoid lung irritants. Don't smoke. Wear a mask when the air is polluted or if you're exposed to irritants, such as paint or household cleaners with strong fumes. Use a humidifier. Warm, moist air helps relieve coughs and loosens mucus in your airways. But be sure to clean the humidifier according to the manufacturer's recommendations to avoid the growth of bacteria and fungi in the water container. Consider a face mask outside. If cold air aggravates your cough and causes shortness of breath, put on a cold-air face mask before you go outside.

How To Increase Brain Power, How To Increase Brain Activity, How To Boost Your Concentration--- http://brain-revitalizer.info-pro.co --- Improve Concentration, Ask anyone today what they have a hard time with and more often than not they are likely to cite trouble focusing or concentrating. With laptops, smart phones, television, GPS systems and social media, it is hard to block out all the distractions when you need to focus on something specific. Attention deficit disorder may be one of the most popular excuses for our lack of concentration, but it's not an entirely accurate diagnosis since many of us simply aren't training our brains the right way to improve our focus. Concentration is necessary just to make it through a typical workday. From driving and working to shopping and cooking, focus is essential in order to get tasks accomplished. Unfortunately many of us have a hard time zoning in on a specific project and seeing it through to completion. Being easily distracted is not necessarily a disorder but it will keep you from managing your time wisely and getting done the important things that need your attention. There are several ways people can improve their concentration, including strategic brain games and exercises, along with guided meditation and brainwave entrainment. Research has shown that the more a person trains their brain in specific skill sets, the better one can get at cognitive thinking, problem solving and memorization. Using computer generated pulses, or isochronic tones, during brain entrainment meditation is another way to synchronize your brain's frequencies so you can operate on a fast or slow frequency that will assist in achieving states of productivity or relaxation. As we all know, when we are relaxed our concentration and decision making are much better than if we are under stress or hurried. Being able to tap in to specific Alpha, Theta and Delta waves allows us to synchronize our brainwaves with sound pulses so we can be more focused on specific projects and tasks. But YOU can be different! You can use Genius Brain Power to empower your brain so that you come alive with more energy, learn quicker, think more creatively, focus on your work like never before and drastically reduce stress with amazingly deep states of relaxation and meditation. click here: http://brain-revitalizer.info-pro.co

Spina bifida is a type of birth defect called a neural tube defect. It occurs when the bones of the spine (vertebrae) don't form properly around part of the baby's spinal cord. Spina bifida can be mild or severe. The mild form is the most common.

Pharyngitis is caused by swelling in the back of the throat (pharynx) between the tonsils and the voice box (larynx). Most sore throats are caused by colds, the flu, coxsackie virus or mono (mononucleosis). Bacteria that can cause pharyngitis in some cases: Strep throat is caused by group A streptococcus.