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MedicalVideos.com — Lab Values
Diabetes Tests reference sheet. Typical adult ranges; ranges vary by laboratory — always compare a result with the range on the patient’s own report.
Diabetes Tests reference sheet. Typical adult ranges; ranges vary by laboratory — always compare a result with the range on the patient’s own report.
Diabetes Tests — Reference Ranges
Diabetes tests measure blood sugar directly or, in the case of hemoglobin A1c, average it over roughly three months. A1c is the test most used to follow diabetes over time; antibody and C-peptide tests help clarify the type of diabetes.
This page lists all 8 tests in this group with their typical adult ranges in both unit systems. Open any test for plain-language notes on high and low results and how to prepare.
| Test | Abbr. | Typical range (conventional) | Typical range (SI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| C-Peptide | — | 1.1–4.4 ng/mL | 0.37–1.47 nmol/L |
| Fructosamine | — | 200–285 µmol/L | 200–285 µmol/L |
| Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibodies | GAD65 Ab | <5 U/mL | <5 U/mL |
| Hemoglobin A1c | HbA1c | 4.0–5.6 % | 20–38 mmol/mol |
| Insulin, Fasting | — | 2.6–24.9 µIU/mL | 18–173 pmol/L |
| Islet Autoantibodies | — | Negative | — |
| Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, 2-Hour Glucose | OGTT | <140 mg/dL | <7.8 mmol/L |
| Random Glucose | — | 70–140 mg/dL | 3.9–7.8 mmol/L |
Full, always-updated version of this sheet: https://www.medicalvideos.com/lab-values/panel/diabetes/Printed from MedicalVideos.com Lab Values. Educational reference only — not medical advice.
Please note: Reference ranges vary between laboratories, and between the methods and instruments they use — the range printed on your own report is the one your result should be compared with. A result outside the range is not by itself a diagnosis, and a result inside it does not rule out illness. These pages are an educational summary, not medical advice: always discuss your results with the clinician who ordered them, who can interpret them in the context of your health and history.