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Total knee replacement
Category: Bone, Joint & Spine Procedures · All bone, joint & spine procedures
What it is
A total knee replacement resurfaces the worn ends of the thigh bone and shin bone (and sometimes the kneecap) with metal components and a smooth plastic bearing, creating a new joint surface.
Why it is done
It is offered for advanced knee arthritis (and occasionally other conditions) causing persistent pain, stiffness, disturbed sleep and reduced mobility despite physiotherapy, medicines and other measures.
How to prepare
Preparation includes X-rays, blood tests, anaesthetic assessment, and optimisation of weight, diabetes and skin condition where possible. You will plan home support for the first weeks, practise with crutches or a frame, and fast before surgery.
What happens during the procedure
Usually under spinal anaesthetic (sometimes general), the worn joint surfaces are cut precisely and the components are fixed, often with bone cement. The wound is closed in layers. Surgery takes about one to one and a half hours. You will have anti-clot measures.
Afterwards — recovery & results
Most people stand and walk with support the same or next day. Hospital stay is commonly two to three days. Physiotherapy is central to recovery: regaining bend and straightening matters most in the first weeks. Many people return to driving around six weeks and continue improving for up to a year.
Risks & considerations
Risks include infection (uncommon but serious in a replacement joint), blood clots, stiffness, persistent pain, injury to nerves or vessels, fracture during surgery, and wear or loosening over the years that may need revision surgery. Your surgeon will discuss your individual risks and the expected lifespan of the implant.
Watch: Total knee replacement videos
Real procedure videos from the MedicalVideos.com library. Some clinical footage is graphic — that is the nature of a medical video library.
Related guides on MedicalVideos.com
Frequently asked questions
How long does a knee replacement last?
Most modern knee replacements are still working well beyond 15 years. Longevity depends on activity, weight and implant factors.
Will I be able to kneel?
Many people can kneel after healing, though it often feels odd. Your team will advise when to start trying, usually after the wound has fully healed.
Related procedures — Bone, Joint & Spine Procedures
Browse the T section of the A–Z list or return to the Procedures & Tests hub.