Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA)

Category: Eye Procedures & Tests · All eye procedures & tests

What it is

Fluorescein angiography photographs the circulation of the retina: a yellow dye (fluorescein) is injected into an arm vein and a special camera takes a rapid series of pictures as the dye flows through the retinal blood vessels, showing leaks, blockages and abnormal new vessels.

Why it is done

It is used in diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration assessment, retinal vein occlusions, retinal inflammation (uveitis) and unexplained vision loss, to plan laser and injection treatment.

How to prepare

Tell the team about allergies (especially previous dye reactions), asthma, kidney problems and pregnancy, and list your medicines. Your pupils are dilated, so arrange not to drive home. You may be asked not to eat heavily beforehand, as the dye occasionally causes nausea.

What happens during the procedure

With a cannula in your arm, baseline photographs are taken, the dye is injected over a few seconds, and photographs are taken rapidly for the first minute then at intervals for about 10 to 20 minutes. The flash sequence is bright but painless.

Afterwards — recovery & results

Your skin and urine will look yellow/orange for a day or so as the dye clears — drink fluids. Nausea, if it occurs, passes within minutes. The specialist reviews the images to map treatment; results are usually discussed at the same or a follow-up appointment.

Risks & considerations

Reactions range from mild (nausea, itching, rash) to, very rarely, a severe allergic reaction — the department is equipped to treat reactions and will ask about previous dye exposure. Extravasation (dye leaking under the skin at the injection site) can stain and sting temporarily.

Frequently asked questions

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