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Defecating proctogram (evacuation study)
Category: Digestive Tests & Procedures · All digestive tests & procedures
What it is
A defecating proctogram (defecography) is an X-ray or MRI study that films the back passage and pelvic floor in action as you empty a paste that mimics stool, showing how the structures move during defecation.
Why it is done
It is used to investigate obstructed defecation — difficulty emptying the bowel despite straining — and to look for problems such as a rectocele, prolapse or pelvic floor incoordination.
How to prepare
Preparation is usually light — sometimes a small enema. The team will explain the procedure carefully beforehand, because it feels unusual; chaperones and privacy are standard throughout.
What happens during the procedure
A barium paste is placed into the rectum through a small tube (and in women sometimes a marker paste in the vagina too). You then sit on a commode beside the X-ray camera and are asked to rest, squeeze, strain and empty as pictures are recorded. It takes about 20 to 30 minutes.
Afterwards — recovery & results
You can return to normal activities straight away. Results are analysed and discussed at follow-up, where treatment options such as biofeedback or surgery are considered.
Risks & considerations
The radiation dose is modest and only the pelvis is imaged. Embarrassment is the main concern for most people; departments are experienced and discreet, and the information gained can be decisive for treatment planning.
Watch: Defecating proctogram (evacuation study) videos
Real procedure videos from the MedicalVideos.com library. Some clinical footage is graphic — that is the nature of a medical video library.
Related guides on MedicalVideos.com
Frequently asked questions
Why is this test needed if I had a colonoscopy?
Colonoscopy sees the bowel lining but not how the pelvic floor works in action. This study shows function — how things move when you actually try to empty.
Is an MRI version available?
Yes, MR defecography avoids radiation and shows soft tissues well; availability varies by centre and your specialist will choose.
Related procedures — Digestive Tests & Procedures
Browse the D section of the A–Z list or return to the Procedures & Tests hub.